Has this been omitted intentionally?
Yes it was removed shortly before 2.63 was released because it didn’t work very well. You can see the poor recursion in the video on that page.
Enable it in File -> User Preferences -> Addons -> Mesh
It will add a “Bevel Round” button in the edit mode panel (on the left), much better than the stock bevel; it has good “simple” bevel (unlike the stock bevel that has distorted “simple” bevel) and good round (recursion) bevel.
Hopefully will be replacing the bad current Bevel in 2.64