From what I can see, you can convert meshes to volumes, or define a volume cube, but once they are volumes, they cannot be manipulated or edited in any way, either they are output directly as a volume, or they can be converted back to a mesh.
Am I missing any cool tricks, or do I just need to be more patient?
In Edit → Preferences → Interface enable Developer Extras

In Experimental section enable New Volume Nodes

Which gives you these extra nodes:

It also gives you the Points to SDF Volume node in the Points section.
Another thing which is currently available and very powerful is Points to Volume and there is a lot you can do with that in the Points domain before making it a Volume and you should not underestimate that (combined with Simulation nodes this one is very powerful indeed).
Good luck.
Fantastic, I knew there had to be more to play with, thanks!
So far it’s proven a pretty good tool for avoiding boolean operations on the mesh level, in addition to a really quick remesher.