In terms of fixes, maybe you could use a masked Blur filter & Render Layering to fuzz up the jagged edges. Not the same as true motion blur but better than what’s showing I think.
For the shadow, maybe make a special object that replaces the propeller for shadow-casting purposes? Kind of “pre-blurred,” with alpha transparency, and set up for only shadowing, not full rendering. Might need some node work to put it all together as well.