Cloth randomly "clinging" to arm mesh


While making a sleeveless tank top for my character, I encountered a rather weird result when I started the simulation: part of the mesh “escaped” inside my arm mesh (in 2nd image, expected results in 1st image)

Could anyone help?

Some of the usual things come to mind.
Check and apply scale.
Make sure all the normals of the faces are unified and pointing in the correct direction.
Cloth settings on collision distance, etc.
Enough mesh detail (polygons) for both the cloth and collision objects (yes this makes the simulation slower, but it’s the price that has to be paid).
Overall size/scale of the objects, the cloth sim tends to work better at larger world sizes, due to it’s lack of precision in settings (you can only set the collision distance so low for example).
Quality steps, both overall and for collision.