Is it somehow possible to set up a computer so that when Blender crashes, it sends warning e-mail?
Currently I try to use my work computer to render at nights. But Blender crashes on it occasionally and the render is not finished in the morning.
For windows there are plenty of tools like:
http://www.jockersoft.com/english/appmonitor_index.php
Just google for application monitoring, most tools can mail you.
For linux a simple shellscript should do, something like this:
In linux each thing you run has an exit code, if the exit code is 0 it terminated succesfully, if not it crashed.
All you got to do is run your stuff, watch the PID and check the exit code.
Let´s call the script processalarm and you need to know the name of your process, most likely blender.
Not guaranteed to work just coding here in windows and in the reply editor 
#!/bin/bash
# Usage: processalarm <PATH2PROCESS> '<PROCESS_NAME> <PARAMETERS'
EMAIL="admin@foo.com"
echo "## Starting $2 and monitoring ..."
$1$2
EXITCODE=$?
if [ "$EXITCODE" != 0 ]
then
DATE=$(date +%d.%m%Y)
TIME=$(date +%H.%M)
SUBJECT="Process ${1} crashed on $DATE at $TIME"
MESSAGE="Your started process ${1}${2} crashed on $DATE at $TIME with the exit code $EXITCODE"
/bin/mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$EMAIL" < $MESSAGE
echo "## Your started process ${1}${2} crashed on $DATE at $TIME with the exit code $EXITCODE !"
exit
else
echo "## Your started process ${1}${2} successfully finished on $DATE at $TIME !"
fi