I have modeled an object with the a bezier-curve and then I have extruded it. The object looks fine but when I convert it to a mesh a lot of triangles appear. How can I avoid that? I haven’t found any documentation about that,…
I fear you can’t. Whenever you convert Curves to Meshes, the results are most likely very unclean, meaning a lot of triangles, and, as you can see as well, a lot of vertices, which makes ANY kind of further modeling work almost impossible. So, when you work with curves, it’s better to leave them alone and not to convert them, or only for rendering purposes maybe.
You might be able to get away with selecting one of your planar surfaces (i think there’s a “linked faces with angle less than N” selection command), and either using ALT-F (beautify fill), or deleting faces and edges only (so you still have the outline) and doing a new fill (CTRL-F or SHIFT-F, forget which), then the ALT-F beautify. Throw in a ALT-J (convert to quads) too.