That only works for text in the Text Editor. You can use Shft-D to duplicate selected verts, or P to Part those verts into a seperate Object (which you can then join to the new obj with Ctrl-J), or Y to split them into a submesh which you can then Duplicate.
For all of the above you’re going to have to position the duplicated submesh and then build faces between it and the obj you’re adding it to after Ctrl-J.