I believe you need a 3rd-party add-on to bake to vertex colors (I might be mistaken).
You can bake to an image without an image texture node attached to your base color node though, however you’ll still need:
- 1 UV node
- 1 Image Texture node
The bake setup directs Blender to which image to bake to, as well as which UV to use in the baking process.