How to change color for face only 1 side not both with same color in object and edit mode?

You can plug Backfacing socket in Factor socket of a Mix Color node, to avoid to deal with multiple shaders.

Using this node is the only way to choose a side.

Color painted in paint modes is stored in points, in pixels of an image, in vertices or in face corners domains, that don’t do a distinction between sides.

That distinction is only done by the Geometry shading node, used in material.