Of Course. Use the AND controller brick and connect sensors. Maybe like, if Player is in the air (jump) the key cant do anything else, and opposite. (Key = true AND Sensor = True → Play action 1; Key = true AND Sensor = False → Play action 2) You can also use flags, maybe properties, or read out Frame of the Animation. There are many way to do this.
You need to use conditions - if you don’t use python, but only logic blocks, use the object states to assign different actions to the space bar and switch states depending on the state of your object - in a jump, on the ground. If you use python, then you can use logical branching - “if elif else” to create multi-level logic and assign a lot of logical actions to the space bar, but for this you will need either global variables that you can call as global “variable” or properties where you can record the state of your object - for example, the string “jump” “ground” “swimming” and comparing the strings and the pressed key to perform actions