The nodes are colour-coded, and each category has its own colour. In the Shader editor, with which I am most familiar, it didn’t take me long to learn which is which, and it was faster than if there had only been additional text — colour works very well for me for categorization. After the initial quick forays during tutorials, I decided to study shader nodes, did go through them category by category, and used the manual to find out what each node did. You don’t learn that just by getting a bit more hand-holding during searching. Whether one chooses blinders or not really depends on one’s level of interest.
The colour-coding is also true for geometry nodes, but it’s not as helpful there IMO because of the category size. I would appreciate something like what you described a lot more, I think. Not because it’d keep me from putting blinders on, but because it would speed up initial familiarization, what with similar node names for different things.
But I wonder whether I’d find that annoying once I know what is where. More text means more real estate to scan to find the right node. I don’t generally care for massive pie menus for the same reason, but I might give the one Joseph recommended a try anyway while I am learning – it also maintains the colour coding. It can be found here, btw: Node Pie Menu (Free addon)