Greetings gents and gals,
am I remembering incorrectly or did Blender have a secondary “Scale” setting so that you could render a scale larger than the actual geometry? A Plane of 2x2 but thusly ‘scaled’ to 5 would render 5x5 - handy for those groundwork isometric interiors and little cozy models where you need the ground to be anonymous and run off into the distance.
I’m doubting myself and wonder if that might have been another software that I don’t use anymore!
In the world setting is a scale slider…
Not what I was thinking but I wonder what effect that might have 
I am not aware of a different scale than the object scale and world scale. I know the software pretty well but i could be wrong…
It’s late where I am. I could just be having some strange 3dMax mental indigestion from over a decade ago.
Thanks though!
Blender has delta transforms (transforms applied on top of the original transforms) but I do not think that is what you are after.
If you want an object to have one scale in viewport and a different one in render you can do it with Geometry nodes using the Is “Viewport” node.
In this example the plane has a scale of 0.5 in viewport and a scale of 10 in render. (final render not “viewport render preview”)
It will look look this when you hit render. (the plane is 10 times bigger)
Edit
Well 20 times bigger because I set the viewport scale to 0.5
Why not? It fullfills the asked requirements and i guess he didn’t meant a totally different subdivision with the .x. example.
( Apart from that a 2x2 has to be scaled by 2.5 to get a 5x5 dimension 
…but it was late 
? )
Because the op said
Delta transforms, are usually more useful for adding transforms on top of the normal transforms, for example if you have keyframed loads of transforms and then want to add another on top for animation without changing all the keyframes.
I could be misunderstanding the question but I thought they wanted to render an object at a larger scale than in viewport.
But if you use a delta scale largen then one… it is larger than… oh wait… something like a “Scale” modifier; disabled in viewport but enabled in render… ?? ( Why ???)
Maybe with an Lattice modifier… ?
