Transparent material in EEVEE

[MarioPeper]

The word you missed (while googling) is Caustics. In your first post (with picture) is a classic raytracing as known from the old internal renderer from blender. There is nothing of caustics there. As already mentioned by @0451 it doesn’t work with Eevee and I wouldn’t use cycles for it because cycles is not optimized for it. My recommendation would be LuxCoreRender.

How to get Realistic Glass and Beautiful Caustics in Blender | Luxcorerender Tutorial

Edit:
Actually, I found this, maybe that’ll do it.

Advanced Glass Shader with Liquid in Eevee

With Blender Eevee it’s hard to achieve a good looking glass shader. Here is my approach with glass of whiskey. Glass Shader Features: Refraction Fake Dispersion Fake Caustic Fake Absorption Fresnel Reflectance You can get this Advanced Glass Shader setting on my Gumroad for free. [BA_WGlass_01] [BA_WGlass_02] [BA_WGlass_03] Animation on YouTube: https://youtu.be/TqQgRXbevQw