You can see on two of the faces a shared dot is present in face view (Top left image, middle red ring). This has led me to believe the black line in the middle (which I created by subdividing the edges and connecting them with F) doesn’t separate two faces, but is merely cosmetic. The other two faces (top and bottom red ring) don’t even have a dot.
It’s all very confusing. You can see in the other 3 images that, after using the subdivision surface modifier, weird pointy bits extrude from the mesh.
If anyone can tell me how to fix this or point me to a tutorial explaining this (I’ve already gone through a few without much luck) it would be much appreciated!
(which I created by subdividing the edges and connecting them with F) doesn’t separate two faces, but is merely cosmetic.
That would just make an edge between the two vertices though you would still have the original face unchanged. If you want to split the face you would use J to connect them or use the knife tool (K)
Delete all the single edges and split the faces correctly
The other two faces (top and bottom red ring) don’t even have a dot.
All faces have ‘dots’ at the center of the face but with the mess you have who knows where that is
You could try to select all verts in edit mode and remove doubles I suppose but this head’s a goner; best thing to do is to put it out of its misery and start over. Pay attention to snapping vertices to other vertices without the merge function checked; you can create some faces with strange dimensions… The method you used to ‘subdivide’ sounds like it created a face under a face, the F key creates faces from the selected.
To be slightly pedantic: a good lesson to learn for a beginner is to not try and salvage things. Nothing you make when starting out is good enough that you won’t throw it away once you get past the basics, no matter how wonderful you think it is at the time, and you learn much more from starting over.