When I hide an object with a shortcut key, it only hides the viewport properties, not rendering or other properties. How can I hide the rest of the properties, including the rendering properties, with a shortcut key?
It’s very simple, so don’t worry : 
Create a new collection with the object you don’t want in the render (I call it generally “Hide in render” 
)
Then :
Right click on the collection => Visibility and click hide in render, like the screenshot :
I don’t have blender in front me right now, but if you follow this, you might be able to hoover over and see shortcut.