AFAIK the most commonly-used scale is 1 BU = 1 meter, that seems to be what the Cloth sim is based on, and others as well from what I’ve read on this forum.
Scale The scale of your object, in Blender units, across which you want the scattering effect to take place. For the presets scale 1.0 means 1 Blender unit equals 1 millimeter, scale 0.001 means 1 Blender unit equals 1 meter.
Mats, this is helpful for SSS, which does seem to have a proper scaling factor built into it (i.e., it can account for differently-scaled models, unlike the Cloth sim) but it doesn’t provide any guides as to the optimum scale to be used for a model. Looks to me like you “fit” the SSS to your model, whereas it seems the OP wants to “fit” his model to the most useful Blender Unit scale.
A definitive statement in the manual by those in the know (devs) of what scale considerations are used in such processes as Cloth, Soft Body, Fluid and other physics-based features would be helpful in resolving a lot of guesswork. From some of the settings (such as the Gravity default in Cloth), the assumption of 1BU = 1m is a fair guess but whether that’s a universally-applied factor is not all that clear.