How can I make objects interact like this?

If I have three shapes, is it possible for wherever they ‘overlap’ from the camera’s point of view, that the resulting shape is a different colour? Like this:

They’re not necessarily intersecting physically. My first thought was some sort of glass refraction…?

You’ll have to use compositing masks (cryptomatte) for this

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If they are Grease Pencil layers i suppose you can mask them. I made an example, each shape has the other two as inverted masks and the white background uses all three shapes as mask.But in 3d i would not know how.
GreasePencil_4Layers_Masked.blend (1.3 MB)