That operator must be called from an asset browser. The poll method specifically needs:
context.space_data.type to be FILE_BROWSER
context.space_data.browse_mode to be ASSETS
the active asset library to be writable
If you want to call the operator from outside an asset browser (file browser) editor, you either need to find an existing one, or create one before calling the operator.
You can also do it brute force. Find the blender_assets.cats.txt corresponding to your asset library. Append your catalog uuid, name and hierarchy to it in the format : uuid:tree:name. Then save the file, reload the library. You can open an existing asset library text file to see how it’s done inside it.