I’ve changed the amount of samples, switched 8 to 16 bits, tried different image formats, used the denoising pass, but nothing. I’m pretty sure it has to do with the nodes setup I’m using
This happens with bit depth clipping. The render will come out in linear space and when converted into sRGB, it will lose color range, and thus the smoothness and result in the banded look that you see. High bit depth images such as EXR, HDR, and other formats that support more than 8 bits per channel suffer less.