Just as a quick disclaimer, this has nothing to do with Alaskan FX’s new incredible video on shader-based flow maps he uploaded yesterday. None of that was used here, just pure coincidence that he would make a video on something so perceptively similar, haha. He is also far more trained in the craft of sorcery than I can even hope to be right now.
The setup was deceptively simple. As a convenient fact regarding Jupiter’s cloud system, the lighter, less saturated in color clouds tend to be higher in altitude, and the darker, more deeply saturated in color clouds tend to be lower in the atmosphere. So it was as simple as using the color values and mapping them across the sphere, where the lighter values were farther out than the lower values. I then added a little extra detail to the clouds with some highly detailed voronoi warbling, added an atmosphere, and 25 hours later of rendering on the CPU (Blender kept crashing when I used GPU), as well as some very light compositing, I got this.
Now, this is probably far more variation in altitude than what actually exists on Jupiter, but it looks cool, doesn’t it? Artistic liberty, baby!