Perfect topology tutorial

I did read the article about edge loop reduction. But I want to make a complex model. I made a example for that. So I have an object where I want to add a specific shape that will be extruded under the surface (see blue circled area). More than 50 verts are needed to get that shape. Maybe I would just draw the shape and then connect it to to surface. Many edges would be necessary to do that. And if I want to add more shapes to other areas even more. So how can I do that if I want to keep quads everywhere? That is actually my problem. If I understand the mentioned article right I would add as many loops as I need. Then I could reduce them. But with that much edges (I would probably need way more than on the sketch) it would take too long to clean all loops like that. Or maybe I just don’t know how to do it right!? What would be the right way to do it?