The left side is before. To get what I have on the right, I
Selected all the inner edges and deleted them
Manually went through the outer edges and subdivided them, into more parts the longer the edge is
Through a combination of Extrude Individual, Bridge Edge Loops, and Fill, got the new faces in place.
I don’t expect an automated version to have exactly the same results, but the important part is I can set a maximum edge length. Is there anything that would speed up that process?
As I can see in the results images there can be a little bit of lost data. Which is probably fine for my purposes. But to try to put my finger on what’s happening: I guess in addition to dividing up faces if they are too large, it’s also merging faces together if they are too small. I’ll play around with this until I think I’ve got it.