I have a dragon model from Sintel. And I redid the texture map, combining all the individual 4k x 4k body parts maps into one large 8k x 8k texture png map.
When the mesh is in object mode then the texture appears correctly. However when the object is in render mode, the texture map is all misaligned.
Seems like all the rendering is only using the upper right corner of the 8k texture.
searching for the fix.
I unpacked and deleted the old textures. And re packed the new 8k map. I cleaned out all the old materials as well. So there is only one material map left - the 8k texture map.
How could one guess then?
Reason is apparently on the object or object material settings level.
See if object has any modifiers and disable them if they are.
See if there are any nodes connected to material output except for the image texture, shader and output. Disconnect everything if any. Then connect only image texture to shader. If there are more than 1 UV map plug UV Map node with its name into the Vector input of the texture to be sure.
Texture resolution makes no difference. 256x256 texture would be visible in the same way as 8k if everything else is correct.